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<title>火页的窝</title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/blog.asp?name=airclh</link>
<description>火页的博客</description>
<copyright>blogger.org.cn</copyright>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[Linux环境下安装java语言的环境－JDK.doc]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=30572</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2007/12/17 19:31:23</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第一步，去</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Sun</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的官方网站下载</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">环境下的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">j2se</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">程序包，共有两种，我下载的是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Installation of Self-Extracting Binary</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第二步，设置的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">self-extracting binary</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">执行权限。用如下语句：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>chmod +x jdk-1_5_0_&lt;version&gt;-linux-i586.bin <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第三步，将</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Self-Extracting Binary</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">放在想要安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">JDK</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的路径下，运行安装文件，则</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">JDK</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">将安装在当前目录下。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第四步，运行</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">self-extracting binary</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，如果安装文件就在当前目录下，则使用以下命令：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 35pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">./jdk-1_5_0_&lt;version&gt;-linux-i586.bin<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 35pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第五步，在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">.bashrc</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文件中设置环境变量。假使安装在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/usr/java</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">目录下，具体为：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 11.25pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">export PATH=/usr/java/jdk&lt;version&gt;/bin:PATH<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 11.25pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">export classpath=.://usr/java/jdk&lt;version&gt;/lib/:/usr/java/jdk&lt;version&gt;/lib/dt.jar: /usr/java/jdk&lt;v ersion&gt;/lib/tools.jar<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[忘掉web2.0，抓住web3.0]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=28588</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2007/10/10 9:38:55</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[虽然2.0使得互联网具有更多丰富的内容，比如搜索、照片、音乐、视频、混搭式应用(Mash-Ups)、维基(Wiki)、网络日志(Blog)、社区等等，但是Web2.0本质上并没有创造出更新的盈利模式，仍是靠点击和流量换取广告。
<DIV class=guanggao><SPAN id=contentAdv></SPAN></DIV>
<P>　　Web2.0在不到3年的时间迅速掀起了互联网新的狂潮，虽然2.0使得互联网具有更多丰富的内容，比如搜索、照片、音乐、视频、混搭式应用(Mash-Ups)、维基(Wiki)、网络日志(Blog)、社区等等，但是Web2.0本质上并没有创造出更新的盈利模式，仍是靠点击和流量换取广告。甚至，由于互联网创业者和投资者对于Web2.0的大力吹捧，导致越来越多的雷同的互联网公司前呼后拥的出现了，而这些Web2.0企业既缺乏盈利模式，又缺乏稳定真实的服务，在一阵“追星”的热浪之后，消费者开始视觉疲劳，投资者开始失望，互联网再次陷入对于泡沫的探讨与争论之中。</P>
<P>　　与此同时，各个主流的互联网公司正在开始构建新的满足新的互联网用户需求的产品和服务模式。例如，2006年7月，新浪博客推出了多方位提升的新浪博客3.0，不仅在博客搜索、查询、排行、自建圈子以及手机WAP博客等功能更加方便，同时还推出了新的音乐主题博客模板，增加了草根博客推荐、名博专栏板块、深度阅读等栏目;而作为搜狐重要战略产品的搜狗搜索，也于2007年宣布推出搜狗网页搜索3.0和相关衍生产品，据称其已经达到了100亿中文网页的搜索能力;微软则将过去的MSN Space进行了整合，创建了新的Windows Live平台，集成了搜索、Blog、RSS、IM、hotmail、SNS以及各类信息服务甚至电子商务。</P>
<P>　　这些互联网公司的动作并不是偶然的，而是顺应了互联网发展的一种趋势，那就是2.0时代的互联网用户需求已经发生了变化，首先，他们希望获得的信息更加精准;其次，他们希望提高使用互联网的效率;再次，他们希望能够按照自己的习惯和方式来使用互联网业务。因此，2.0天女散花式的互联网服务已经很难满足他们的需求，互联网必须着手解决精准、效率与信息聚合的问题，按照更加吻合每个用户的个性行为和需求来提供服务。应对用户新需求的互联网3.0时代已经到来。</P>
<P>　　<STRONG>3.0聚合大未来</STRONG></P>
<P>　　当人们缺乏信息的时候，发布信息的互联网门户就是最有价值的，这是Web1.0时代，各种互联网门户以信息的获取、发布、整理为核心，想尽办法把各种新闻汇集起来，让用户去浏览，信息传递模式是互联网——用户;而当越来越多的企业加入互联网大潮，信息散布于各个角落的时候，搜索引擎与门户就产生了魅力，Web2.0的狂潮就应运而生，2.0时代的互联网把每个网民都当成了信息节点，每个节点充当一个信息源，甚至各类互联网门户还对每个节点上传来的信息进行汇总、梳理、筛选和再发布，于是搜索引擎、博客、视频、P2P、聊天工具等就担当了主要角色，信息传递模式变成了互联网—用户—互联网、用户-用户、用户——互联网的多边互动形式，人们在不同节点上去寻找能够满足自己需求的东西;但是当信息越来越泛滥并以几何级增长的时候，信息的筛选与聚合才最具有生命力，因为人们开始面对互联网的海量资讯感到无助，同时开始计较使用的效率和效果，于是，Web3.0应运而生。</P>
<P>　　Web3.0将在2.0的基础上，让互联网更加个性化、精准化和智能化。互联网3.0时代的特征就是把这些散布在互联网上的各种信息点以及用户的需求点聚合和对接起来，提供能够满足每一个互联网用户的个性化的、聚合化的高效率的互联网服务。例如，当用户通过搜索引擎查询某一条信息的时候，出现的不再是各种模糊的、相近的、类似的搜索结果，而是最准确的结果，所有和这个搜索信息无关的结果都将会被过滤;再比如，互联网公司是按照一个用户的习惯和行为偏好来聚合新闻、邮箱、聊天工具、搜索、社交圈、主题社区、博客的全面服务，而不是所有互联网公司都试图通过一个共同的平台面对所有的用户。在这种情况下，互联网服务完全是按照每个人关注的资讯类型、个人的需求和偏好设置的集合体，并且用户获得的信息一定是精准的，不需要花大量时间去辨别，每个用户可以打造自己的互联网门户，或者创造属于个人的互联网应用平台，通过属于自己的一个平台就可以进行资讯阅览、精神交流、商务活动等。而作为企业，通过这样的平台去进行的营销From EMKT.com.cn也一定是非常精准的就能到达目标消费群体。</P>
<P>　　如果说互联网1.0是机械化的，那么互联网2.0则是半智能化的，而互联网3.0时代将是完全智能化的，互联网1.0的模型是门户，互联网2.0的模型是搜索+个人空间+门户，互联网3.0的模型则应该是基于搜索+个人关键词标签+个人化空间+智能匹配的新门户，3.0时代的最大价值在于最重要的不是提供信息，而是提供基于不同需求的智能过滤器和综合需求满足的平台，而每一种过滤器都是基于一个用户需求，综合的平台则都是基于用户的综合需要。而这将带来互联网营销的新机会和新革命。</P>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[系统比拼：Linux究竟比Vista好在哪里？]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=28587</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2007/10/10 9:31:49</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[Linux至少有五大点比Vista更好：硬件要求,安全性等五个因素来比较两个操作系统，为企业的选择提供一个参考。 
<DIV class=guanggao><SPAN id=contentAdv></SPAN></DIV>
<P>　　爱好者常常称赞Linux是最好的操作系统，自vista上市后这种声音更加高涨了，因为尽管微软一再乐观预言和表态，但Vista远没有达到预期的效果。</P>
<P>　　原因有很多：价钱、缺乏驱动支持、较早的应用无法在Vista运行等。Linux真的比Vista好吗?Linux是免费的，而Vista最低的是99.95美元，最高的399.95美元;Linux有可爱的吉祥物——小企鹅。言归正传，Linux至少有五大点比Vista更好：</P>
<P><STRONG>　　硬件要求</STRONG></P>
<P>　　Linux并不需要太多的存储空间和强劲的硬件内核，Vista却要求很高：需要“现代”处理器(最不济也要奔腾4)和512M的RAM(这里指内存)，甚至推荐1G的RAM。安装Vista机子怎么也得有60G的硬盘和64M的显卡。</P>
<P>　　相比较而言，一些版本的Linux甚至可以运行在64M内存和486处理器的机子上，而且这样的Linux也有图形用户界面。通常的Linux版本也只占1.5G的系统盘。</P>
<P>　　Vista的用户界面很漂亮，但是不简捷。由于占用系统资源所以用户响应很慢。Vista使用GPU而不是CPU来呈现图形，而GPU很占存储，仅仅是屏幕渲染(screen rendering)Vista就需要256M更不用说整个图形界面了。</P>
<P>　　<STRONG>安全性</STRONG></P>
<P>　　Linux机几乎不需要防病毒软件或应用，Vista却必不可少。通常来说，之所以Linux更安全是因为大多数病毒制造者将攻击对象定位为Windows。</P>
<P>　　<STRONG>没有限制</STRONG></P>
<P>　　Linux没有严格规定系统内的内容如何使用，而Vista约束很多。</P>
<P>　　Vista的数位版权管理(Digital Rights Management)，降低了电脑的速度，而且需要技术支持，存在跟硬件和软件造成不兼容、冲突现象的可能性。这些说简单就像升级一样简单，说复杂就像替换硬盘一样复杂，如Vista的HD-DVD和蓝牙的copy保护技术。</P>
<P>　　在Linux中，音乐、电影都可以流畅地播放，软件可以运行，Linux不会干预用户自由使用软件和应用的权利，而Vista对自我的这种保护会消耗CPU。</P>
<P>　　<STRONG>Linux没有Linux Genuine Advantage</STRONG></P>
<P>　　无论安装的是哪个Linux版本，Linux都会运转，没有功能不可用的担忧。而Vista，依赖Windows Genuine Advantage服务器来验证序列号。当服务器宕机了，全世界的Vista用户莫名地被剥夺了合法使用Vista的权利。而Linux，从不会发生这个。</P>
<P>　　<STRONG>越来越多的Linux应用</STRONG></P>
<P>　　Linux应用的增加已经使我们可以远离Windows这个繁冗的操作系统。</P>
<P>　　不喜欢Microsoft Office的束缚?使用Open Office;Vista使用透光不均匀的Paint作为图像编辑器，而大部分Linux使用的是GIMP 2.2——具备Photoshop性能的强大应用;IE浏览器带给我们多少安全、性能困扰?使用Linux使用Mozilla吧。</P>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[解决linux环境下mpich程序无法多进程运行的问题]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=27106</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2007/8/8 13:25:32</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<A><FONT size=4>　</FONT></A><FONT size=4> </FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">安装好</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">mpich</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后，运行自带的例程，单进程运行没有问题，一旦在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">mpirun</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后多带一个选项</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">np</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，多进程运行时就会报错，内容如下：</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>connect to address 127.0.0.1: Connection refused</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>Trying krb4 rsh...</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>connect to address 127.0.0.1: Connection refused</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>trying normal rsh (/usr/bin/rsh)</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>Permission denied.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>p0_5256:<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>p4_error: Child process exited while making connection to remote </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>process on localhost localname: 0</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>p0_5256: (6.012127) net_send: could not write to fd=4, errno = 32</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">仔细看了错误信息，估计是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">PATH</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">路径没有正确配置，于是打开</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">.bashrc</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文件，在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">PATH</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的最前面加上了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">/usr/bin/rsh</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，这样程序运行会先到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">/usr/bin/rsh</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">下寻找启动</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">rsh</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的命令。果然，再次运行程序时报错内容少了前面的一部分，只剩下：</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>Permission denied.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>p0_5256:<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>p4_error: Child process exited while making connection to remote </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>process on localhost localname: 0</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>p0_5256: (6.012127) net_send: could not write to fd=4, errno = 32</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这是怎么回事啊，我在网上找了两天解决此问题的方法，试了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">N</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种配置</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">rsh</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">ssh</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">mpich</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的过程，同样的报错内容始终顽固的出现。直到昨天在国外的一个论坛里看到老外的一个方法：</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4># echo "rsh" &gt;&gt; /etc/securetty</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">居然可以！什么原因呢？我目前还不太确定，估计是改了防火墙对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">rsh</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的限制。</SPAN></FONT></P>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[安装GTK全攻略2(自己走过的弯路不希望别人再走)]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=27105</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2007/8/8 13:22:37</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[
<H4 style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt 28.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -28.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 28.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-family: 黑体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face=Arial size=5>四、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=5><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial">检验是否正确安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=Arial>GTK</FONT></SPAN></FONT></H4>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为了检验是否正确安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GTK</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，利用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GTK</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">编写一个简单的程序，这个程序创建</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> 200x200 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大小的窗口。源码如下：</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">#include &lt;gtk/gtk.h&gt;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">int main( int argc,</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">char *argv[] )</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">{</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GtkWidget *window;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">gtk_init (&amp;argc, &amp;argv);</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">gtk_widget_show (window);</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">gtk_main ();</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">return 0;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">}</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> gcc </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">编译上面的程序：</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">gcc base.c –o base `pkg-config –cflags –libs gtk+2.0`</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">成功编译后，使用命令</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">./base</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">运行该程序。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">注意上面编译命令中使用的单引号类型是很重要的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">译者注：这里使用了“命令替换”。命令替换</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">(command substitution)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">使得可以捕获一个命令的输出而在另一个命令中替换它。这个单引号不是回车键左边的那个，而是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">ESC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">键下面的那个。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">)<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[安装GTK全攻略(自己走过的弯路不希望别人再走)]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=27104</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2007/8/8 12:41:14</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<H4 style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt 28.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -28.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 28.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-family: 黑体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face=Arial size=5>一、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial"><FONT size=5>所需的源码包</FONT></SPAN></H4>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1. GNU make </FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">工具</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2. GNU gettext </FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">软件包（当系统上没有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> gettext() </FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">函数的时候需要）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3. GNU libiconv </FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">库（当系统上没有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> iconv() </FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">函数的时候需要）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4. fontconfig</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">库</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">fontconfig </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是提供系统范围内字体设置，定制和允许应用程序访问的函数库。</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5. FreeType</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">库</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GTK+(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">基于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">DirectFB)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的字体绘制是通过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">pango+freetype+fontconfig</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三者协作来完成的，其中，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">fontconfig</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">负责字体的管理和配置，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">freetype</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">负责单个字符的绘制，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">pango</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">则完成对文字的排版布局。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Freetype</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是一个操作字体的函数库，它不但可以处理点阵字体，也可以处理多种矢量字体，包括</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">truetype</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字体，为上层应用程序提供了一个统一的调用接口。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">6. libpng</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">库</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">libpng</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">软件包包含</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> libpng </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">库，这些库被其他程序用于读写</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">png</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文件。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">PNG </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">库是用来创立和操作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">PNG </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">格式的图形文件</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">.PNG </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">格式是设计来替代</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GIF,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">它对于更小范围的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">TIFF(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">标记图象文件格式</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有了很多的进步和拓展并且减少了关于专利权的麻烦</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7. jpegsrc</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">库</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">能够使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">JPEG</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">算法压缩文件。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8. tiff</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">库</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">tiff</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">库被很多程序用于读写</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">tiff</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文件。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">9.pkg-config </FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">工具</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">pkgconfig </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">包括</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> pkg-config </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">程序，用来在编译脚本中向编译器传递头文件包含路径或库文件路径。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对于支持</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> pkg-config </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">工具的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> GTK+ </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">及其依赖库来说，库的头文件的搜索路径的设置变成了对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> .pc </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文件搜索路径的设置。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">.pc </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文件的搜索路径是通过环境变量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> PKG_CONFIG_PATH </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来设置的，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">pkg-config </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">将按照设置路径的先后顺序进行搜索，直到找到指定的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> .pc </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文件为止。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10. GLib </FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">库</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GLib</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GTK+</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GNOME</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">工程的基础底层核心程序库，创建</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> GDK </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> GTK </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">应用程序时该库可提供许多有用的定义和函数，是一个综合用途的实用的轻量级的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">程序库，它提供</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语言的常用的数据结构的定义、相关的处理函数，有趣而实用的宏，可移植的封装和一些运行时机能，如事件循环、线程、动态调用、对象系统等的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">API</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">11. ATK </FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">库</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">ATK </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">包包含了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ATK </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">库。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">ATK</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是可访问性工具箱（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Accessibility Toolkit</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）的简称。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">ATK </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为所有的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GTK2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">程序提供了解决</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> Accessibility </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">需求的框架。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">12. Cairo </FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">库</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cairo</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，是一个跨平台的开放源代码的矢量图形函数库，可以提供高质量的显示和打印输出。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cairo</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提供一个稳定的用户层</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">API</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，它可以提供现代化的图形处理管理能力，如绘制和填充，映射转换，合成（注意，是合成）与改变</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">alpha</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">半透明图像，高真文本显示等等。能够在不同的媒体上实现相同的输出。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">13. Pango </FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">库</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Pango </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">库提供了底层的文本编排绘制生成函数</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一套生成整段文本布局的高层函数和帮助编辑多国文本的函数。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">14. GTK+ </FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">库</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其中前五项一般比较新的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">版本中，系统都会自带。需要注意的一个问题是如果</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GTK</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的安装路径为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">/opt/gtk</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时，在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">PKG_CONFIG_PATH</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中除了要添加</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">/opt/gtk/lib/pkgconfig</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之外，还有加上</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">/usr/lib/pkgconfig</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。因为安装在系统的库其</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">.pc</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文件都在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">/usr/lib/pkgconfig</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中，想要在安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GTK</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时用到这些系统自带的库时，必须把路径设置清楚。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在收集安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GTK</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所需的源码包时最重要，也是最容易忽略的一个问题就是各个包之间版本的匹配问题。我在安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GTK</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就忽略了这个问题，结果走了很多弯路。解决这个问题最简单的办法就是登陆</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GTK+ </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的网站</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">":ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，在上面下载各种源码包。在这个站点上，每个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GTK</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">版本兼容的源码包都放在一个文件夹下。例如我选择安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GTK v2.6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，只要在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/v2.6"><FONT face="Times New Roman">ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/v2.6</FONT></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中下载各个包即可。不过选择</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">V2.6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的朋友要严重注意一个问题，支持</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GTK V2.6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">pango</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">包有两个版本－</SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.8.0</FONT></SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.8.1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.8.0</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是一个失败的版本，如果选择它，在安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GTK</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时就会死活找不到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">pango</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">库。我当时就是这个版本的受害者，花了很长时间也无法在安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GTK</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时连接</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">pango</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">库，后来在网上看到一个老外说这个版本有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">bug</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，只能使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.8.1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">版本。妈的！这不坑人吗！</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">根据依赖关系的要求，库的安装要按照这样的先后顺序进行：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GLib</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Atk</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cairo</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Pango</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Gtk+</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P>
<H4 style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt 28.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -28.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 28.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-family: 黑体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face=Arial size=5>二、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial"><FONT size=5>设置</FONT></SPAN></H4>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主要包括对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">LD_LIBRARY_PATH</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">PKG_CONFIG_PATH</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的设置，具体如下：</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/gtk/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/gtk/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">注意，如果想要使用系统中已有的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">fontconfig</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">FreeType</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等库，需要加上系统原有的库：</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/gtk/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib/pkgconfig</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/X11R6 /lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/gtk/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">容易被人忽略的一点是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">LD_LIBRARY_PATH</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">PKG_CONFIG_PATH</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这两个环境变量只对当前的终端窗口有效。如果到了没有进行上述设置的终端窗口中，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">pkg-config </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">将找不到新安装库的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">.pc </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文件、从而可能使后面进行的安装无法进行。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自己犯的一个简单却造成严重后果的错误，吐血提醒大家哦</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN></P>
<H4 style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt 28.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -28.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 28.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-family: 黑体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face=Arial size=5>三、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial"><FONT size=5>源码包的安装</FONT></SPAN></H4>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我安装的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GTK</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">版本为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">v2.6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，用到的源码包包括：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">libpng-<st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899" w:st="on">1.2.8</st1:chsdate>.tar.bz2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">tiff-v3.6.1.tar.gz</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">pkgconfig-0.15.0.tar.gz</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">glib-2.6.6.tar.bz2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">atk-1.9.0.tar.bz2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">cairo-1.2.4.tar.gz</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">pango-1.8.1.tar.bz2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">gtk+-2.6.9.tar.bz2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。把它们都放在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">root</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的主目录下。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">将</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> GTK+ </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">及其依赖库设置安装到同一个目录</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">/opt/gtk</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">下、而不是每一个库占用一个不同的目录，可以给以后的库的设置带来方便。而且，在将来不再需要这个版本的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> GTK+ </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">及其依赖库的时候可以通过删除这个目录将它们简单地去除。</SPAN></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=5>1．</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=5><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">pkgconfig</FONT></SPAN></FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; tar zxvf pkgconfig-<st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899" w:st="on">0.15.0</st1:chsdate>.tar.gz</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; cd /root/pkgconfig-<st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899" w:st="on">0.15.0</st1:chsdate></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; ./configure</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; make</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; make install</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">每个过程结束后，都可以用用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> echo $? </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">检查是否执行安装成功。如果输出是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> 0</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，说明配置成功；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">0 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之外的数字说明配置失败。在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> Linux </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统上，可以用这个方法检查一个命令或程序在其结束后返回给系统的值是多少。一般</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> 0 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">代表成功，非</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> 0 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表示程序异常退出。</SPAN></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt"><FONT size=5><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">glib</FONT></SPAN></FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; tar zjvf glib-<st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899" w:st="on">2.6.6</st1:chsdate>.tar.bz2</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; cd /root/ glib-<st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899" w:st="on">2.6.6</st1:chsdate></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt;./configure --prefix=/opt/gtk</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt;make </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt;make install</FONT></SPAN></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt"><FONT size=5><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">atk</FONT></SPAN></FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; tar zjvf atk-<st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899" w:st="on">1.9.0</st1:chsdate>.tar.bz2</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; cd /root/ atk-<st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899" w:st="on">1.9.0</st1:chsdate></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt;./configure --prefix=/opt/gtk</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt;make </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt;make install</FONT></SPAN></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt"><FONT size=5><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">cairo</FONT></SPAN></FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; tar zxvf cairo-<st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899" w:st="on">1.2.4</st1:chsdate>.tar.gz</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; cd /root/ cairo-<st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899" w:st="on">1.2.4</st1:chsdate></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt;./configure --prefix=/opt/gtk --with-x --enable-win32=no</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt;make </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt;make install</FONT></SPAN></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt"><FONT size=5><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Pango</FONT></SPAN></FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; tar zxvf cairo-<st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899" w:st="on">1.2.4</st1:chsdate>.tar.gz</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; cd /root/ cairo-<st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899" w:st="on">1.2.4</st1:chsdate></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt;./configure --prefix=/opt/gtk --libdir=/opt/gtk/lib --with-x</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt;make </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt;make install</FONT></SPAN></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt"><FONT size=5><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">libpng</FONT></SPAN></FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; tar zjvf libpng-<st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899" w:st="on">1.2.8</st1:chsdate>.tar.bz2</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; cd /root/ libpng-<st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899" w:st="on">1.2.8</st1:chsdate></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; make prefix=/opt/gtk \ZLIBINC=/opt/gtk/include ZLIBLIB=/opt/gtk/lib -f scripts/makefile.linux</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt;make prefix=/opt/gtk install -f scripts/makefile.linux</FONT></SPAN></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt"><FONT size=5><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">libtiff(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">tiff)</FONT></SPAN></FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; tar zxvf tiff-v<st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899" w:st="on">3.6.1</st1:chsdate>.tar.gz</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; cd /root/ tiff-v<st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899" w:st="on">3.6.1</st1:chsdate></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; ./configure --prefix=/opt/gtk --noninteractive \ --with-DIR_MAN=/opt/gtk/share/man</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; make</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; make install</FONT></SPAN></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt"><FONT size=5><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">libjpeg(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">jpegsrv)</FONT></SPAN></FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; tar zxvf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; cd /root/jpeg-6b</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; ./configure --enable-static --enable-shared --prefix=/opt/gtk</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; make</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; make install</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">注：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">jpeg</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">默认不</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">share library</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，因此要手工指定</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">--enable-shared</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，一般安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">lib</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时这一点都是要注意的。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt"><FONT size=5><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">gtk</FONT></SPAN></FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; tar zjvf gtk+-<st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899" w:st="on">2.6.9</st1:chsdate>.tar.bz2</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; cd /root/ gtk+-<st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899" w:st="on">2.6.9</st1:chsdate></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; ./configure --prefix=/opt/gtk --with-x --without-libjpeg</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; make</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&gt; make install</FONT></SPAN></P>
<H4 style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt 28.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -28.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 28.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-family: 黑体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face=Arial size=5>四、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=5><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial">检验是否正确安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=Arial>GTK</FONT></SPAN></FONT></H4>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为了检验是否正确安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GTK</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，利用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GTK</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">编写一个简单的程序，这个程序创建</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> 200x200 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大小的窗口。源码如下：</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[Linux服务器攻防技术介绍]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=25952</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2007/7/3 12:44:29</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<A><FONT size=4>　</FONT></A>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">随着</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">企业应用的扩展，有大量的网络服务器使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">操作系统。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务器的安全性能受到越来越多的关注，这里根据</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务器受到攻击的深度以级别形式列出，并提出不同的解决方案。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务器攻击的定义是：<U style="text-underline: red thick">攻击是一种旨在妨碍、损害、削弱、破坏</U></SPAN><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务器安全的未授权行为。</SPAN></U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">攻击的范围可以从服务拒绝直至完全危害和破坏</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务器。对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务器攻击有许多种类，本文从攻击深度的角度说明，我们把攻击分为四级。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">　攻击级别一：服务拒绝攻击（</B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">DoS</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　由于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">DoS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">攻击工具的泛滥，及所针对的协议层的缺陷短时无法改变的事实，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">DoS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也就成为了流传最广、最难防范的攻击方式。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务拒绝攻击包括<SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">分布式拒绝服务攻击</SPAN>、<SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">反射式分布拒绝服务攻击</SPAN>、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto"><FONT face="Times New Roman">DNS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">分布拒绝服务攻击</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto"><FONT face="Times New Roman">FTP</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">攻击</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等。大多数服务拒绝攻击导致相对低级的危险，即便是那些可能导致系统重启的攻击也仅仅是暂时性的问题。这类攻击在很大程度上不同于那些想获取网络控制的攻击，一般不会对数据安全有影响，但是服务拒绝攻击会持续很长一段时间，非常难缠。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">到目前为止，没有一个绝对的方法可以制止这类攻击。但这并不表明我们就应束手就擒，除了强调个人主机加强保护不被利用的重要性外，加强对服务器的管理是非常重要的一环。一定要<U style="text-underline: red thick">安装验证软件和过滤功能，检验该报文的源地址的真实地址</U>。另外对于几种服务拒绝可以采用以下措施：<U style="text-underline: red thick">关闭不必要的服务、限制同时打开的</U></SPAN><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Syn</FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">半连接数目、缩短</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Syn</FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">半连接的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">time out </FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时间、及时更新系统补丁。</SPAN></U><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">攻击级别二：本地用户获取了他们非授权的文件的读写权限</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">本地用户是指在本地网络的任一台机器上有口令、因而在某一驱动器上有一个目录的用户。本地用户获取到了他们非授权的文件的读写权限的问题是否构成危险很大程度上要看被访问文件的关键性。任何本地用户随意访问临时文件目录（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">/tmp</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）都具有危险性，它能够潜在地铺设一条通向下一级别攻击的路径。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=4>级别二的主要攻击方法是：黑客诱骗合法用户告知其机密信息或执行任务，有时黑客会假装网络管理人员向用户发送邮件，要求用户给他系统升级的密码。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由本地用户启动的攻击几乎都是从远程登录开始。对于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务器，最好的办法是将所有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">shell</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">账号放置于一个单独的机器上，也就是说，只在一台或多台分配有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">shell</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">访问的服务器上接受注册。这可以使日志管理、访问控制管理、释放协议和其他潜在的安全问题管理更容易些。还应该将存放用户</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">CGI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的系统区分出来。这些机器应该隔离在特定的网络区段，也就是说，根据网络的配置情况，它们应该被路由器或网络交换机包围。其拓扑结构应该确保硬件地址欺骗也不能超出这个区段。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">攻击级别三：远程用户获得特权文件的读写权限</B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></FONT></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第三级别的攻击能做到的不只是核实特定文件是否存在，而且还能读写这些文件。造成这种情况的原因是：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务器配置中出现这样一些弱点：<U style="text-underline: red thick">即远程用户无需有效账号就可以在服务器上执行有限数量的命令。</U></SPAN><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></U></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">密码攻击法是第三级别中的主要攻击法，损坏密码是最常见的攻击方法。密码破解是用以描述在使用或不使用工具的情况下渗透网络、系统或资源以解锁用密码保护的资源的一个术语。用户常常忽略他们的密码，密码政策很难得到实施。黑客有多种工具可以击败技术和社会所保护的密码。主要包括：字典攻击（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Dictionary attack</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、混合攻击（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Hybrid attack</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、蛮力攻击（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Brute force attack</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。一旦黑客拥有了用户的密码，他就有很多用户的特权。密码猜想是指手工进入普通密码或通过编好程序的正本取得密码。一些用户选择简单的密码—如生日、纪念日和配偶名字，却并不遵循应使用字母、数字混合使用的规则。对黑客来说要猜出一串</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个字生日数据不用花多长时间。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">防范第三级别的攻击的最好的防卫方法便是严格控制进入特权，即使用有效的密码。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 63pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 63.0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">n<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主要包括密码应当遵循字母、数字、大小写（因为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对大小写是有区分）混合使用的规则。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 63pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 63.0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">n<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">使用象“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">#</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”或“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”或“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">$</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”这样的特殊字符也会添加复杂性。例如采用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"countbak"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一词，在它后面添加“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">#$</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">countbak#$</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），这样您就拥有了一个相当有效的密码。</SPAN></FONT></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">攻击级别四：远程用户获得根权限</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第四攻击级别是指那些决不应该发生的事发生了，这是致命的攻击。表示攻击者拥有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务器的根、超级用户或管理员许可权，可以读、写并执行所有文件。换句话说，攻击者具有对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务器的全部控制权，可以在任何时刻都能够完全关闭甚至毁灭此网络。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">攻击级别四主要攻击形式是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto"><FONT face="Times New Roman">TCP/IP</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">连续偷窃</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，<SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">被动通道听取</SPAN>和<SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">信息包拦截。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">TCP/IP</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">连续偷窃，被动通道听取和信息包拦截，是为进入网络收集重要信息的方法，不像拒绝服务攻击，这些方法有更多类似偷窃的性质，比较隐蔽不易被发现。一次成功的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">TCP/IP</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">攻击能让黑客阻拦两个团体之间的交易，提供中间人袭击的良好机会，然后黑客会在不被受害者注意的情况下控制一方或双方的交易。通过被动窃听，黑客会操纵和登记信息，把文件送达，也会从目标系统上所有可通过的通道找到可通过的致命要害。黑客会寻找联机和密码的结合点，认出申请合法的通道。信息包拦截是指在目标系统约束一个活跃的听者程序以拦截和更改所有的或特别的信息的地址。信息可被改送到非法系统阅读，然后不加改变地送回给黑客。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT size=4><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">TCP/IP</FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">连续偷窃实际就是网络嗅探</SPAN></U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，注意如果您确信有人接了嗅探器到自己的网络上，可以去找一些进行验证的工具。这种工具称为时域反射计量器</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">(Time Domain Reflectometer</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">TDR)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">TDR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对电磁波的传播和变化进行测量。将一个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">TDR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">连接到网络上，能够检测到未授权的获取网络数据的设备。不过很多中小公司没有这种价格昂贵的工具。对于防范嗅探器的攻击最好的方法是：</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36.6pt; TEXT-INDENT: -15.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">安全的拓扑结构。嗅探器只能在当前网络段上进行数据捕获。这就意味着，将网络分段工作进行得越细，嗅探器能够收集的信息就越少。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36.6pt; TEXT-INDENT: -15.6pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">会话加密。不用特别地担心数据被嗅探，而是要想办法使得嗅探器不认识嗅探到的数据。这种方法的优点是明显的：即使攻击者嗅探到了数据，这些数据对他也是没有用的。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特别提示：应对攻击的反击措施</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　对于超过第二级别的攻击您就要特别注意了。因为它们可以不断的提升攻击级别，以渗透</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务器。此时，我们可以采取的反击措施有：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.2pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.85pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&Oslash;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">首先备份重要的企业关键数据。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.2pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.85pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&Oslash;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">改变系统中所有口令，通知用户找系统管理员得到新口令。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.2pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.85pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&Oslash;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">隔离该网络网段使攻击行为仅出现在一个小范围内。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.2pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.85pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&Oslash;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">允许行为继续进行。如有可能，不要急于把攻击者赶出系统，为下一步作准备。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.2pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.85pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&Oslash;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">记录所有行为，收集证据。这些证据包括：系统登录文件、应用登录文件、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">AAA</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Authentication</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Authorization</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> Accounting</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，认证、授权、计费）登录文件，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">RADIUS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">登录，网络单元登录（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Network Element Logs</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、防火墙登录、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">HIDS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Host-base IDS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，基于主机的入侵检测系统）</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">事件、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NIDS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（网络入侵检测系统）事件、磁盘驱动器、隐含文件等。收集证据时要注意：在移动或拆卸任何设备之前都要拍照；在调查中要遵循两人法则，在信息收集中要至少有两个人，以防止篡改信息；应记录所采取的所有步骤以及对配置设置的任何改变，要把这些记录保存在安全的地方。检查系统所有目录的存取许可，检测</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Permslist</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是否被修改过。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.2pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.85pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&Oslash;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进行各种尝试</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">使用网络的不同部分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以识别出攻击源。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.2pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.85pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&Oslash;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为了使用法律武器打击犯罪行为，必须保留证据，而形成证据需要时间。为了做到这一点，必须忍受攻击的冲击</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">虽然可以制定一些安全措施来确保攻击不损害网络</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。对此情形，我们不但要采取一些法律手段，而且还要至少请一家有权威的安全公司协助阻止这种犯罪。这类操作的最重要特点就是取得犯罪的证据、并查找犯罪者的地址，提供所拥有的日志。对于所搜集到的证据，应进行有效地保存。在开始时制作两份，一个用于评估证据，另一个用于法律验证。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.2pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.85pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&Oslash;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">找到系统漏洞后设法堵住漏洞，并进行自我攻击测试。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.2pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.85pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&Oslash;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">拒绝服务攻击（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto"><FONT face="Times New Roman">DoS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">DoS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Denial Of Service</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，拒绝服务的缩写，</SPAN><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">DoS</FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">攻击即让目标机器停止提供服务或资源访问</SPAN></U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，通常是以消耗服务器端资源为目标，通过伪造超过服务器处理能力的请求数据造成服务器响应阻塞，使正常的用户请求得不到应答，以实现攻击目的。</SPAN></FONT></P>]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[Linux系统下病毒的分类和发展]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=25951</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2007/7/3 12:42:38</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<A><FONT size=4>　</FONT></A>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1996</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Staog</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统下的第一个病毒，它出自澳大利亚一个叫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">VLAD</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的组织（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Windows 95</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">下的第一个病毒程序</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Boza</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也系该组织所为）。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Staog</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">病毒是用汇编语言编写，专门感染二进制文件，并通过三种方式去尝试得到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">root</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">权限。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> Staog</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">病毒并不会对系统有什么实质性的损坏。它应该算是一个演示版。它向世人揭示了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可能被病毒感染的潜在危险。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统上第二个被发现的病毒是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Bliss</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">病毒，它是一个不小心被释放出来的实验性病毒。与其它病毒不同的是，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Bliss</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">本身带有免疫程序，只要在运行该程序时加上</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">disinfect-files-please</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”选项，即可恢复系统。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果说刚开始时</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">病毒向人们展示的仅仅是一个概念，那么，在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2001</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年发现的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ramen</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">病毒，则已经开始引起很多人的担心。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ramen</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">病毒可以自动传播，无需人工干预，所以和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1988</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年曾使人们大受其苦的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> Morris</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">蠕虫非常相似。它只感染</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Red Hat 6.2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7.0</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">版使用匿名</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">FTP</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务的服务器，它通过两个普通的漏洞</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">RPC.statd</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">wu-FTP</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">感染系统。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表面看来，这不是一个危险的病毒。它很容易被发现，且不会对服务器做出任何有破坏性的事情。但是当它开始扫描时，将消耗大量的网络带宽。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1996</FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年至今，新的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">病毒屈指可数，这说明</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是一个健壮的具有先天病毒免疫能力的操作系统。当然，出现这种情况，除了其自身设计优秀外，还有其它的原因</SPAN></U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">首先，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">早期的使用者一般都是专业人士，就算是今天，虽然其使用者激增，但典型的使用者仍为那些有着很好的电脑背景且愿意帮助他人的人，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高手更倾向于鼓励新手支持这样一种文化精神。正因为如此，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">使用群中一种倾向就是以安全的经验尽量避免感染病毒。其次，年轻，也是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">很少受到病毒攻击的原因之一。事实上，所有的操作系统（包括</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">DOS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Windows</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）在其产生之初，也很少受到各种病毒的侵扰。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">然而，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> 2001</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月，美国</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">SANS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学院的全球事故分析中心</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">(Global Incident Analysis Center</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">——</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">GIAC)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发现，一种新的针对使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统的计算机的蠕虫病毒正通过互联网迅速蔓延，它将有可能对用户的电脑系统造成严重破坏。这种蠕虫病毒被命名为<U style="text-underline: red thick">“狮子”病毒</U>，与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ramen</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">蠕虫病毒非常相似。但是，这种病毒的危险性更大，“狮子”病毒能通过电子邮件把一些密码和配置文件发送到一个位于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">china.com</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的域名上。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Dartmouth</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学院安全技术研究所工程师威廉·斯蒂恩斯说：“攻击者在把这些文件发回去之后就可以通过第一次突破时的缺口再次进入整个系统。这就是它与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ramen</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">蠕虫病毒的不同之处。事实上，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ramen</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">病毒是一种比较友善的病毒，它在侵入系统后会自动关闭其中的漏洞，而这个病毒却让那些漏洞敞开并开辟新的漏洞。以至于如果你的系统感染了这个病毒，我们不能百分之百确信这个系统有挽救的价值，更加合理的选择很有可能是转移你的数据并且重新格式化硬盘。”</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一旦计算机被彻底感染，“狮子”病毒就会强迫电脑开始在互联网上搜寻别的受害者。不过，感染“狮子”病毒的系统少于感染</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ramen</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">病毒的系统，但是它所造成的损失却比后者大得多。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">随着</SPAN><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Klez</FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">病毒</SPAN></U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平台上的传染，防毒软件厂商开始提醒我们微软的操作系统不再是唯一易受病毒攻击的操作系统了。即使</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和其他一些主流</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> UNIX</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平台的用户可能不是微软捆绑应用软件的大用户，不可能通过这些软件造成病毒的泛滥，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">UNIX</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">仍然有它们自身并不引人注目的脆弱点。除了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Klez</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以外，其他</SPAN><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux/UNIX</FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平台的主要威胁有：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Lion.worm</FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">OSF.8759</FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">病毒、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Slapper</FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Scalper</FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> Linux.Svat</FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">BoxPoison</FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">病毒</SPAN></U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，这些都很少被提及。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=4>病毒的制造者是一些精通编写代码的黑客，他们远比那些胡乱涂改网站却对编写病毒知之甚少的黑客要危险。一个被黑掉的网站可以很快修好，而病毒却更加隐蔽，会带来潜在的安全隐患，它会一直潜伏，直到给系统带来不可挽回的损害。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">另外，越多的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统连接到局域网和广域网，就会有越多受攻击的可能，这是因为很多</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">病毒正在快速地扩散着。使用</SPAN><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">WINE</FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> Linux/UNIX</FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统特别容易受到病毒的攻击。</SPAN></U><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">WINE</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是一个公开源代码的兼容软件包，能让</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平台运行</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Windows</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">应用软件。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">WINE</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统特别容易遭受病毒的攻击，因为它们会使无论是对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的还是对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> Windows</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的病毒、蠕虫和木马都能对系统产生威胁。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT size=4><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平台下的病毒分类</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可执行文件型病毒</SPAN></U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：可执行文件型病毒是指能够寄生在文件中的，以文件为主要感染对象的病毒。病毒制造者们无论使用什么武器，汇编或者</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，要感染</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">ELF</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文件都是轻而易举的事情。这方面的病毒如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Lindose</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，当其发现一个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">ELF</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文件时，它将检查被感染的机器类型是否为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Intel 80386</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，如果是，则查找该文件中是否有一部分的大小大于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> 2,784</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字节（或十六进制</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">AEO</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），如果满足这些条件，病毒将用自身代码覆盖它并添加宿主文件的相应部分的代码，同时将宿主文件的入口点指向病毒代码部分。一个名为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Alexander Bartolich</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的学生发表了一篇名为《如何编写一个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的病毒》的文章，详细描述了如何制作一个感染在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux/i386</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">ELF</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可执行文件的寄生文件病毒。有了这样具启发性的、在网上发布的文档，基于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的病毒数量只会增长的更快，特别是自</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的应用越来越广泛之后。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">蠕虫（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">worm</FONT></SPAN></U><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）病毒</SPAN></U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1988</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Morris</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">蠕虫爆发后，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Eugene H. Spafford </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为了区分蠕虫和病毒，给出了蠕虫的技术角度的定义，“计算机蠕虫可以独立运行，并能把自身的一个包含所有功能的版本传播到另外的计算机上。”</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">worm is a program that can run by itself and can propagate a fully working version of itself to other machines. </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平台下，蠕虫病毒极为猖獗，像利用系统漏洞进行传播的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">ramen</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">lion</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Slapper</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">……这些臭名远播的家伙每一个都感染了大量的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统，造成了巨大的损失。它们就是开放原代码世界的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">nimda</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，红色代码。在未来，这种蠕虫病毒仍然会愈演愈烈，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统应用越广泛，蠕虫的传播程度和破坏能力也会随之增加。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">脚本病毒</SPAN></U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：目前出现比较多的是使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">shell</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">脚本语言编写的病毒。此类病毒编写较为简单，但是破坏力同样惊人。我们知道，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统中有许多的以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">.sh</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">结尾的脚本文件，而一个短短十数行的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">shell</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">脚本就可以在短时间内遍历整个硬盘中的所有脚本文件，进行感染。因此病毒制造者不需要具有很高深的知识，就可以轻易编写出这样的病毒，对系统进行破坏，其破坏性可以是删除文件，破坏系统正常运行，甚至下载一个木马到系统中等等。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><U style="text-underline: red thick"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后门程序</SPAN></U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：在广义的病毒定义概念中，后门也已经纳入了病毒的范畴。活跃在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Windows</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统中的后门这一入侵者的利器在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平台下同样极为活跃。从增加系统超级用户账号的简单后门，到利用系统服务加载，共享库文件注射，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">rootkit</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">工具包，甚至可装载内核模块（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">LKM</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平台下的后门技术发展非常成熟，隐蔽性强，难以清除。是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统管理员极为头疼的问题。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">病毒、蠕虫和木马基本上意味着自动化的黑客行为，也许被病毒攻击比被黑客攻击更可能发生。直接的黑客攻击目标一般是服务器，而病毒是等机会的麻烦制造者。如果你的网络包含了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统，特别危险的是服务器，不要在作出反应之前等待寻找</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">病毒、蠕虫和木马是否存在。做一些调查然后选择一个适合你系统的防毒产品，它们能帮你防止病毒的传播。至于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平台病毒在未来的发展，一切皆有可能。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Windows</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">下的病毒发展史，也有可能在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上重演，这取决于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Linux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的发展。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[解决phpMyAdmin安装配置中的问题]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=25603</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2007/6/19 13:15:10</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<A>　 
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">phpMyAdmin</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的安装与配置本来应该是很简单的，书上的资料、还有网上相关的介绍都表明这一点。但我为了这个问题头疼了三天，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">phpMyAdmin</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的首页总是出不来！每次都会在日志中报错：“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">pemission denied</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”，我在网上查了好多资料，把功夫都花在检查配置文件</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">config.inc.php</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上，最后原来是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">SELinux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在作怪！对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">SELinux</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的修改如下：</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=4>打开“系统设置”－“安全级别”</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P></A><IMG style="BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #000000" src="http://www.w3china.org/blog/uploadfile/200761913178554.BMP" border=0></P>
<P><IMG style="BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #000000" src="http://www.w3china.org/blog/uploadfile/2007619131847652.BMP" border=0></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">做以上修改后，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">phpMyAdmin</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">首页就乖乖的出现了。</SPAN></FONT></P>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[linux下配置Apache服务器]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=25322</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2007/6/6 21:08:09</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[&nbsp; 最近在学配置Linux服务器，前几天搞Apache的安装和配置。安装倒是简单，直接从安装光盘安装就行了，因为刚摸Linux，对于修改配置文件还是有点陌生。我自己写了一个简单的html文件，把它拷到/var/www/html文件夹下，然后设置默认文档为index1.htm，又将ServerName改为我在我们单位内网的IP地址，最后修改了目录权限。终于可以体验一下在Linux下架设Web服务的感觉了，我在浏览器里输入自己的IP，结果出现了Forbiden页面？！怎么回事啊！我又反复检查了几遍所有修改的地方，还是不行！突然想到可以查看服务器日志，打开error_log文件，仔细读里面的内容，晕！它居然说“permission denied:file permissions deny server access”。我也没多想，觉得肯定还是配置文件时有错误，结果折腾半天也毫无结果。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 晚上我急匆匆的跑到同学那里上网查了好多各种有关Linux配置的东西，看的头都晕了！不看了，先去泳个游先！<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 第二天早上，我郁闷的看着头天晚上查到的资料，还是不断的出现那个错误。我反复的品味“permission denied:file permissions deny server access”这句话，突然灵光一闪：文件权限拒绝连接... 是不是那个我写的html文件本身有权限限定啊！于是我点开文件的属性，果然有个权限的设置，我把其中“文件所有者”和“文件群组”全都改成apache了。重启Apache服务，果然成功啦！要是一开始就换个角度思考问题，仔细品读那句报错的英文，这么简单的问题早就解决了。]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[《知识技术及其应用》读书报告(2)]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=23228</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2007/3/14 17:26:13</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">　 <SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 3" align=left><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">三、知识技术的在信息服务中的应用</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 4" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">)</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、网格技术</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．网格的定义</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">网格计算是在网络环境下，基于统一的协议，为了协同工作而实现对各种可用资源的高度、受限、安全共享。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">网格计算模式中可共享的资源包括：计算资源、存贮资源、数据资源、操作平台、应用程序、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">License</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、带宽、外设。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">网格的应用领域包括：科学计算、搜索引擎、企业计算、网络教育、数字图书馆。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．网格架构</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">网格的系统架构：提交组件、调度组件、共享组件、网格管理组件、授权认证组件、加密组件、通讯组件、共享组件。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">网格计算的五层协议体系：链路层、连接层、资源层、整合层和应用层。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">网格计算的安全架构通过授权、认证和加密三部分来保证资源共享的安全性。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．知识网格</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识网格是一个智能互联环境，它能使用户或虚拟角色有效地获取、发布、共享和管理知识资源，并为用户和其他服务提供所需要地知识服务，辅助实现知识创新、协同工作、问题解决和决策支持。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识网格的体系结构分为五层，包括：网络层、资源层、知识表示层、知识推理层，知识应用层。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 4" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">二</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">)</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、语义网</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．什么是语义网</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv UnitName="C" SourceValue="3" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on">3C</st1:chmetcnv></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">把语义网定义为因特网上数据的表述，是当前因特网的延伸。由于信息有了清晰明了的含义并为机器所理解，人与计算机便能够更好地合作。数据的表达要清晰一致，就必须有一个坚实的语义基础，这样的语义基础是由各种知识组织体系构成，包括叙词表、分类法、术语表以及近几年出现的实用分类系统（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ontologies</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">），其中实用分类系统正在逐渐变成最重要的知识系形式。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">语义网的目的不仅是要使人机交流更加有效，而且还要提高机器之间交流的广度和效率。实现这个目的的基础是必须要具有机器可以理解的数据，要做到这一点，首先要有一个通用的语义定式来作为一个基本模型，使得任何方面的应用都能够通过这个模型表述出来。这个通用模型就叫做资源描述框架（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Berbers-Lee</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1998</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）。有了资源描述框架，就像有了元数据，但是这还不够，因为元数据是由元素定义的，而元素本身需要有一个清楚的规定，如元素名称、元素的数据类型、元素的允许值范围。资源描述框架也需要有这样一种语言来规定资源描述框架的元素，这构成语义网的第二个层次。鉴于语义网众多的应用领域，为避免元素名称混乱和多义、歧义的现象，各个应用领域的元素名称必须有一个通用的方法限定起来，这个方法必须能够与资源描述框架及其定义语言共同使用。名域（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Namespace</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）就是应这个要求而产生的。名域的作用不仅仅只局限于区分元素的归属，而且也可以用来转换不同名域之间的同义词，如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">DC.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">创造者可以转换为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MARC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">格式中的个人作者或团体作者。名域是语义网的第三个层次。在这三个层次基础上的更高一级是逻辑层。逻辑层实际上是由一系列规则组成，这些规则可以从一种文献类型推纳出另一种文献类型，或根据规则检查一个文献的完整性和一致性。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．语义网的要素</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">语义网有几个要素：标记语言，表达知识领域里概念及其相关关系的实用分类系统；包含词表和规则的知识库以及相关的信息技术。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．实用分类系统</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">实用分类系统的主要成分是一整套对某一领域里的知识进行表述的词和术语，编制者根据该知识领域的结构将这些词和术语组成等级类目，并且应用面向对象的方法按需要给一些类目加以更细的定义。实用分类系统与传统知识分类工具的一个根本区别就是系统中的概念、特性、限制条件等内容都是计算机可读</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">懂</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的，因而实用分类表中的知识定义可以被再利用并且用推力规则来进行更高级的处理。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">编制实用分类系统包括这样一些方法和步骤：知识采集，分析、提炼采集到的知识、有效性检验。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 4" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">三</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">)</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、文本内容处理技术</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">文本内容主要是指构成文本的自然语言及其所表达的意义。文本内容处理技术，实质上就是自然语言处理技术。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．基本概念</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">自然语言处理是人工智能的一个重要的研究分支，主要研究能够自动分析、理解和生成人类语言的计算机程序的设计原理和技术方法。自然语言处理只是指计算机处理书面语言的技术。计算机处理口语的技术称为言语处理技术。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．基本技术和方法</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">计算机处理自然语言，从作为数据的语言的输入到输出，大体包括这样一些基本组成技术：语音识别和生成、文字识别、词法分析、句法分析、语义分析和解释、句子或文本生成、机器翻译中的语言转换处理等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">统计方法所需要的语言数据集叫做语料库。语料库就是有一定的使用目的，并按统计取样的原则，对语言文本或口语转成的文本进行选择并汇集起来形成的集合。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">句法分析是自然语言理解处理过程中最核心、最关键的一环。正在蓬勃兴起的一类新型高度形式化、可计算的语法模型，即所谓基于约束的语法模型，这一类语法以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">LFG(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">词汇功能语法</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">HPSG(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">中心词驱动的断语结构语法</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">为重要代表。基于约束的语法模型的首要特点就是语法描写分为多个层面进行。第一个层面称为成分结构，这个层面基本等同于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CFG</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的描写，第二个层面称为功能结构，这个层面比第一个层面更为抽象，打破了自然语言的表面的线性结构和顺序，为向更加抽象的语义描写以及逻辑表达奠定基础。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">自然语言生成的研究分为两类，一种是理论性的研究（验证某一种理论，特别是某一种语言学或语法理论），另一种是实用性的研究，即与某种特定的自然语言处理任务，比如机器翻译译文的生成相联系。大体上讲，整个生成过程依顺序可分为三个阶段或三个认为：篇章规划、句子生成、语音合成。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．自然语言处理在文本内容处理中的主要应用</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">自然语言处理技术在文本内容处理中的主要应用，包括机器翻译、自然语言接口、自动分类和自动摘要等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">机器翻译从技术方法上分为直接式、转换式和中间语言式。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">自然语言接口，又叫数据库的自然语言前端，是自然语言处理第一个重要的成功应用领域。自然语言接口的功能就是将一个对数据库的自然语言提问翻译为一个用数据库语言表示的提问式。另一种与自然语言接口很相似的应用就是所谓问答系统。但问答系统针对的不是一个结构化的数据库，而是以一个背景知识库为基础，自动阅读和理解有关的文本，这些文本都具备情节。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 4" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">四</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">)</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、个性化信息服务</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．个性化信息服务的定义和目的</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">个性化信息服务是以信息活动中所涉及的用户信息需求、使用行为偏好和环境特点为依据，运用信息技术为用户构建个性化信息环境的服务机制和相关的服务项目，以实现满足用户个性化信息需求的资源定位、检索、处理和利用的过程。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">个性化信息服务的主要内容包括：使用环境的个性化；服务时空的个性化；服务方式的个性化；服务内容的个性化，即向用户传送他真正需要的信息。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">个性化信息服务的目的是：方便用户的信息获取，节省用户寻找信息的时间；发现用户潜在的信息需求；使信息服务系统具有更好的适应性，提升竞争力。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．个性化信息服务的信息支撑技术</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">个性化信息服务的实现涉及两个重要环节，一是根据信息活动中所涉及的各种用户需求条件构建个性化的用户模型，二是根据已建立的用户模型将用户所需信息从全局信息空间中分离出来，形成与用户所需匹配的个性化信息集合。个性化信息服务所涉及的信息技术较多，其中用户建模技术、信息过滤技术、界面定制技术等是个性化信息服务的关键支撑。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">建立用户模型所涉及的相关问题包括用户信息应该包括哪些内容、怎样收集这些信息和怎样表示用户模型等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">信息过滤的类型包括：基于内容的过滤、协同过滤、混合过滤。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">智能搜索代理是能代替用户完成信息检索认为的软件，它通过观察用户行为、接收用户反馈等途径建立和更新用户兴趣模型。用户向代理提出检索请求，代理向多个搜索引擎发送检索请求，并将收到的检索结果按照用户兴趣模型进行过滤，最后只将发送有用的信息给用户。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">信息推荐和搜索引擎是两种不同的服务模式。搜索引擎是一种被动的信息服务，而信息推荐是一种主动的信息服务。信息推荐是基于用户以前感兴趣或不感兴趣的样本集合来向用户推荐新的信息。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">用于个性化界面定制的技术包括动态网页相关技术、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">XML</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">XSLT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">相关技术、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Potal</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">技术等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．个性化信息服务的应用</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">现有的很多信息服务系统都实现了个性化的功能，包括传统信息服务系统的个性化资源服务、数字图书馆中的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">My Library</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">以及商业网站的个性化推荐等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[《知识技术及其应用》读书报告(1)]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=23227</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2007/3/14 17:05:14</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 2" align=center><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">《知识技术及其应用》读书报告</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 2" align=center><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">作者：陈凌晖</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 3" align=left><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一、概论和基本理论</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 4" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">)</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、基本概念</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．知识</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">用概念表达的、人们对事物性质和状态的认识的总和。知识的单位是概念，概念是对事物某方面性质和状态的描述，知识处理就是对所有概念的处理。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．知识技术</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在信息富裕的环境下，人们现在需要一种能够从信息抽取知识，从信息垃圾挖掘信息价值的技术，称为知识技术。其至少包含三层意思：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第一，技术是信息技术的延伸和扩充，是增强了处理知识能力的第一代信息技术技术。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第二，知识技术是用于知识采集、模型化、重用、检索、提供和维护整个知识生命周期的技术。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第三，知识技术是实现以语义网为核心的互联网第三次革命的关键技术。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．知识服务</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">什么是知识服务，有各种各样的表述，但国内外没有公认的标准定义。可以认为，知识服务是信息服务基础上发展起来的，是新的科研环境下应运而生的新型信息服务，是架构在知识基础设施的共性基础之上的，同时又需要开发研制知识服务特定技术。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在众多的知识服务中，推送服务、定题服务、查新服务、个性化服务、检索服务、主题信息网关、数字图书馆等是近年来的研究或应用热点。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 4" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">二</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">)</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、基本理论</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．知识服务与信息服务的差别</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">信息服务与知识服务在信息检索与获取，选择与过滤、存档与索引、编目与分类、整序与整合、应用与共享、分析与评价等信息管理的基本流程方面是共同的。但是两者有着重要的区别，知识服务是信息服务质的飞跃，具体表现在：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(1)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、资源内涵重新定义</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(2)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、超越显性知识</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(3)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、以人为本</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(4)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、生态循环</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(5)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、协同科研</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 3" align=left><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">二、知识技术的研究领域</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 4" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">)</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、知识组织系统</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“知识组织系统”是我们用来定义并组织表述真实世界物体的术语和符号的系统，在具体应用中我们往往将它们泛指为语义工具。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．知识组织系统的类型</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">从结构和功能来看，知识组织系统可以根据两个方面来划分：第一，显示概念及其关系的结构上的强弱；第二，对自然语言的控制程度。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">具体来说包括三种类型：词汇列表模式、分类模式、关系组织模式。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．常用知识组织系统的结构和特点</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(1)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．侧重于对同形异义、一词多义、词义含糊的词进行控制的结构</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(2)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．侧重于对同义词、近义词进行控制的结构。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(3)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．强调对概念之间等级关系进行显示的结构</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(4)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．揭示概念间各种关系的结构。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 4" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">二</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">)</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、知识管理</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">．知识管理概述</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识管理的内涵包括广义和狭义两层含义。狭义的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识管理</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">，主要是对知识本身的管理，包括对知识的创造、获取、加工、存储、传播与应用；广义的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识管理</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">不仅包括对知识的管理，而且还包括对与知识有关的各种资源和无形资产的管理，涉及知识组织、知识设施、知识资产、知识加工、知识人员的全方位和全过程的管理。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识管理的具体过程可以归纳如下：从用户目标和环境出发，进行知识的收集与捕获管理，包括对显性知识的跟踪、搜索、检索、获取和加工，对隐性知识的跟踪和捕获；进行知识的组织和检索管理，利用信息技术和数据库技术，在纷杂的知识流中发现新知识点及知识间的联系，将其合理组织，放入按知识体系组织的数据库，并通过计算机和网络技术使用户能方便地检索有关数据与知识；进行知识交流和知识匹配传送管理，通过数据库、计算机协作系统、服务管理系统等方法，促进知识更方便地被用户知晓和利用，促进知识寻求者、知识源和知识提供者间的及时准确的匹配；进行知识利用的管理，利用专家系统、专门分析工具、决策支持系统等支持用户对知识的分析和运用，进行知识共享和知识创新环境的管理，等等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．知识采集</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识采集指根据知识用户的需要，寻找、选择相关知识并加以聚合和集中的过程。知识采集的过程由知识定义、知识来源确定、知识表示、知识组织、采集程序确定、采集方法确定和采集评价等多个步骤衔接而成。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识资源划分为记录型知识资源、实物型知识资源、智力型知识资源和零次知识资源。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">所谓知识表示，是指把知识客体中的知识因子和知识关联表示出来，以便于人们识别和理解知识。知识表示是知识组织的基础和前提。知识表示分主观知识的表示和客观知识的表示。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识组织是信息组织的高级形式，是信息组织的发展方向，是揭示知识单元（包括显性知识因子和隐性知识因子）、挖掘知识关联的过程和行为。知识组织的技术和方法分为两类：客观知识组织的基本工具是分类法和主题法；主观知识组织的基本工具是数据仓库和知识挖掘。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识资源采集的程序一般可以分为以下步骤：需求分析、选择知识资源采集系统、确定采集途径和策略、采集实施和结果评价以及其他后续工作。其中，知识采集的方法分为：定向采集与定题采集、单向采集与多向采集和主动采集与跟踪采集。知识采集的途径分为：记录型知识资源、实物型知识资源、智力型知识资源和零次知识资源。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">对于知识资源的获取和采集过程，我们可以采用采全率、采准率、及时率、费用率和劳动耗费等五个指标来衡量和评价采集过程，这些指标一般通过知识内容与知识需求的相关程度（即切题性或相关性的概念）来确定。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．知识存储</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识存储指将经过加工处理后的知识资源（包括文件、图像、数据、报表、档案等），按照一定的规定，记录在相应的知识载体上，并将这些载体按照一定特征和内容性质组织成系统化的检索体系。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在知识存储的多种类型中，按照是否数字化可划分为非数字化知识组织和数字化知识组织。数字内容包括对非数字化知识资源（如传统文献、缩微胶片）进行数字化之后形成的数字对象，或者是原生数字形态的内容对象（如直接数字化的文字、声音、影像等）。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．知识加工</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识加工技术是知识管理和服务的基础。其中最重要的是文档管理技术、文本挖掘和检索技术、数据库技术等。在这些内容中，元数据、自动标引、文本自动分类聚类、自动文摘等是近年来研究的热点。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">元数据是用于提供某种资源的有关之上的结构数据，或者是描述其他数据的数据。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">自动标引指利用计算机来代替人工，自动生成用来表达知识资源内容特征的主题标识的知识资源加工方式。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">所谓自动分类，是指利用计算机来代替人工，自动产生能够表达知识资源内容特征的分类标识的一种知识资源加工方式。常见的文本分类方法包括支持向量机、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">k</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">近邻分类器、神经网络、线性最小平方拟合映射和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Na&iuml;ve</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">贝叶斯分类器。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">文本聚类指全自动地对文本集分组的过程。目前的文本聚类方法大致有以下</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">种：层次凝聚法、平面划分法、简单贝叶斯聚类算法、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">k</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">最近邻参照聚类算法、分级聚类和基于概念的文本聚类。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">自动文摘指计算机辨识有关文献主题内容的各种特征和线索组成内容简要。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．知识评价</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识评价是应用专家经验和数学方法研究、描述知识过程、现象与规律的一门学科，是数学、统计学与信息科学广泛结合而形成的一个新的分枝学科。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 4" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">(</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial">三</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">)</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial">、知识发现和挖掘</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．知识的表示</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识的表达模式为：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">K=F+R+C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">其中：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">K</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">表示知识项。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">F</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">表示事实：指人们对客观世界和世界的状态、属性和特征的描述，以及对事物之间关系的描述。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">表示规则：指能表达在前提与结论之间因果关系的一种形式。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">表示概念：指事实的含义、规则的语义说明等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识有多种表示方法，包括产生式、一阶谓词逻辑、框架表示法、脚本表示法、语义网络表示法、基于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Agent</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">表示法、基于对象表示法、基于粗集理论表示法、神经网络表示法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．知识挖掘</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识挖掘就是从数据集中识别出有效的、新颖的、潜在有用的，以及最终可理解的模式的非平凡过程。其目的是将大量非结构化的多媒体信息融合成有序的、分层次的、易于理解的信息，并转换为用于干预预测和决策的知识。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识挖掘的主要特点是能对原有的数据进行高度的自动分析、归纳推理，从中挖掘出潜在的模式，预测用户的行为，帮助决策者调整策略，做出正确的决策。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识挖掘过程可以被看作是一个多阶段的处理过程，包括：定义目标、创建目标数据集、数据预处理、数据工程、算法选取、数据挖掘、结果的解释和评估、优化以及结果的使用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．知识发现</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识发现是实现知识挖掘的关键。知识发现的任务类型包括：类</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">概念描述、关联规则、分类和预测、聚类分析、孤立点分析、演变分析和偏差分析。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识发现的方法包括：决策树方法、神经网络方法、粗集方法、贝叶斯方法、遗传算法、统计分析方法、覆盖正例排斥反例方法、模糊集方法、概念树方法、公式发现以及可视化技术。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">知识的应用可分为三个层面来理解：知识组织层面、知识获取层面、知识服务层面。知识组织层面是用户表述信息需求的过程，涉及到文本分类和用户兴趣建模等问题。知识获取层面是对知识重组的过程，涉及到查询扩展和模式分析等问题。知识服务层面是对知识集成和反映的过程，涉及到文本聚类、自动摘要、自动综述等问题。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Web</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">上的知识发现和网络信息检索是两种不同的技术，它们的方法不同、着眼点不同、目的也不同。信息检索是要帮助用户从大量的文档中找到满足需要的资源。而</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">KDW</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">是为了揭示文档中隐含的知识，它是比信息检索层次更高的一种技术。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 4" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">(</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial">四</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">)</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial">、信息检索技术</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 14pt 0cm 14.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 5" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．信息检索技术的基本概念</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">信息检索是指将信息按照一定的方式组织和存贮起来，并根据用户的需要，从各种储存媒体中查找并提取出有关的信息的过程。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">信息检索技术将包括两个部分：一是信息存储技术，将大量分散、无序的信息集中起]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[P2P模拟器相关]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=20533</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2006/12/6 11:37:11</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<SPAN class=oblog_text>&nbsp; <A href="http://www.idsia.ch/~andrea/simtools.html" target=_blank>http://www.idsia.ch/~andrea/simtools.html</A> 列举了大量的模拟器<BR><BR>P2P方面的模拟器包括：<BR>1.&nbsp;P2Psim:&nbsp;<A href="http://www.pdos.lcs.mit.edu/p2psim/" target=_blank>http://www.pdos.lcs.mit.edu/p2psim/</A> <BR>可以模拟chord,&nbsp;koorde,&nbsp;Tapestry等协议,你可以直接拿来用。<BR><BR>2.PLP2P(Packet-level&nbsp;Peer-to-Peer&nbsp;Simulation&nbsp;Framework&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>Gnutellasim)<BR><A href="http://www.cc.gatech.edu/computing/compass/gnutella/" target=_blank>http://www.cc.gatech.edu/computing/compass/gnutella/</A> <BR>是基于Ns-2.27和pdns开发的模拟Gnutella系统的模拟器。&nbsp;<BR>实现了Gnutella&nbsp;0.4&nbsp;和&nbsp;0.6版的协议.<BR>PDNS是NS的分布式版本。&nbsp;如果要模拟的节点数目很多，在单机上模拟速度慢时，可以使<BR>用PDNS把模拟分布到多个节点上并行分布的模拟。<BR><BR>3.Peersim&nbsp;Peer-to-Peer&nbsp;Simulator<BR><A href="http://peersim.sourceforge.net/">http://peersim.sourceforge.net/</A><BR>Peer-to-peer&nbsp;systems&nbsp;can&nbsp;reach&nbsp;huge&nbsp;dimensions&nbsp;such&nbsp;as&nbsp;millions&nbsp;of&nbsp;nodes,&nbsp;<BR>which&nbsp;typically&nbsp;join&nbsp;and&nbsp;leave&nbsp;continously.&nbsp;These&nbsp;properties&nbsp;are&nbsp;very&nbsp;<BR>challenging&nbsp;to&nbsp;deal&nbsp;with.&nbsp;Evaluating&nbsp;a&nbsp;new&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;real&nbsp;environment,&nbsp;<BR>especially&nbsp;in&nbsp;its&nbsp;early&nbsp;stages&nbsp;of&nbsp;development,&nbsp;is&nbsp;not&nbsp;feasible.&nbsp;There&nbsp;are&nbsp;<BR>distributed&nbsp;planetary-scale&nbsp;open&nbsp;platforms&nbsp;(e.g.,&nbsp;PlanetLab)&nbsp;to&nbsp;develop&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>deploy&nbsp;network&nbsp;services,&nbsp;but&nbsp;these&nbsp;solutions&nbsp;don't&nbsp;include&nbsp;more&nbsp;than&nbsp;about&nbsp;<BR>440&nbsp;nodes.&nbsp;Thus,&nbsp;for&nbsp;large-scale&nbsp;systems,&nbsp;a&nbsp;scalable&nbsp;simulation&nbsp;testbed&nbsp;is&nbsp;<BR>mandatory.&nbsp;<BR><BR>Peersim&nbsp;has&nbsp;been&nbsp;developed&nbsp;with&nbsp;extreme&nbsp;scalability&nbsp;and&nbsp;support&nbsp;for&nbsp;<BR>dynamicity&nbsp;in&nbsp;mind.&nbsp;It&nbsp;is&nbsp;composed&nbsp;of&nbsp;many&nbsp;simple&nbsp;extendable&nbsp;and&nbsp;pluggable&nbsp;<BR>components,&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;flexible&nbsp;configuration&nbsp;mechanism.&nbsp;To&nbsp;allow&nbsp;for&nbsp;<BR>scalability&nbsp;and&nbsp;focus&nbsp;on&nbsp;self-organization&nbsp;properties&nbsp;of&nbsp;large&nbsp;scale&nbsp;<BR>systems,&nbsp;some&nbsp;simplifying&nbsp;assumpions&nbsp;have&nbsp;been&nbsp;made,&nbsp;such&nbsp;as&nbsp;ignoring&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>details&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;transport&nbsp;communication&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;stack.&nbsp;Peersim&nbsp;is&nbsp;devolped&nbsp;<BR>within&nbsp;the&nbsp;BISON&nbsp;project&nbsp;and&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;distributed&nbsp;under&nbsp;an&nbsp;open&nbsp;source&nbsp;<BR>license.&nbsp;Peersim&nbsp;is&nbsp;written&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Java&nbsp;language.&nbsp;<BR><BR>4.The&nbsp;P2P&nbsp;File-sharing&nbsp;simulator<BR><A href="http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~rbriggs/gt/" target=_blank>http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~rbriggs/gt/</A> <BR>The&nbsp;P2P&nbsp;File-sharing&nbsp;simulator&nbsp;was&nbsp;designed&nbsp;as&nbsp;an&nbsp;implementation&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>incentive&nbsp;based&nbsp;scheme,&nbsp;based&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;contribution&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;peer&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;entire&nbsp;<BR>system.&nbsp;This&nbsp;scheme&nbsp;is&nbsp;detailed&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;paper&nbsp;“Incentive&nbsp;Resource&nbsp;<BR>Distribution&nbsp;in&nbsp;P2P&nbsp;Networks”by&nbsp;Ma,&nbsp;Lee,&nbsp;Lui,&nbsp;and&nbsp;Yau.&nbsp;The&nbsp;simulator&nbsp;<BR>makes&nbsp;use&nbsp;of&nbsp;randomness&nbsp;in&nbsp;order&nbsp;to&nbsp;create&nbsp;events&nbsp;such&nbsp;as&nbsp;new&nbsp;peers&nbsp;<BR>joining&nbsp;the&nbsp;system,&nbsp;a&nbsp;peer&nbsp;leaving&nbsp;the&nbsp;system,&nbsp;the&nbsp;start&nbsp;of&nbsp;downloads,&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>the&nbsp;completion&nbsp;of&nbsp;current&nbsp;downloads.&nbsp;The&nbsp;paper&nbsp;details&nbsp;the&nbsp;Progressive&nbsp;<BR>Filling&nbsp;(PF)&nbsp;algorithm,&nbsp;the&nbsp;Contribution&nbsp;Dependent&nbsp;Progressive&nbsp;Filling&nbsp;<BR>(CDPF)algorithm&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;Contribution&nbsp;Update&nbsp;algorithm,&nbsp;which&nbsp;are&nbsp;used&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>determine&nbsp;a&nbsp;peer’s&nbsp;contribution&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;system&nbsp;in&nbsp;order&nbsp;to&nbsp;allocate&nbsp;<BR>bandwidths&nbsp;based&nbsp;on&nbsp;those&nbsp;contributions.&nbsp;Using&nbsp;this&nbsp;incentive&nbsp;based&nbsp;<BR>scheme,&nbsp;the&nbsp;simulator&nbsp;shows&nbsp;how&nbsp;the&nbsp;scheme&nbsp;encourages&nbsp;peers&nbsp;to&nbsp;share&nbsp;<BR>information&nbsp;and&nbsp;resources.&nbsp;<BR><BR>5.其他的如SimP^2&nbsp;Simulator，&nbsp;3LS，下载不到。</SPAN>]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[久违的感动(转)]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=18750</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2006/9/26 11:43:44</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P><IMG style="BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #000000" src="http://www.w3china.org/blog/uploadfile/200692611455167.JPG" border=0></P>
<P align=center><FONT size=4>骨癌妈妈去世前 为子织完儿25岁前所有毛裤</FONT></P>
<P align=left>&nbsp;&nbsp; “世上只有妈妈好，有妈的孩子像个宝……”9月24日，9岁的张宇唱起这首歌的时候泪流满面，小张宇的妈妈因患骨癌医治无效已经离开他7天了。妈妈在生前的15个月时间里与死神“赛跑”，终于“抢”出宝贵时间，为儿子织完了他25岁之前所需的所有毛裤。<BR><BR>　　张宇一家没有房子，多年来一直借住在白山的亲戚家，张宇有一个17岁的哥哥，稍有些障碍，常年寄宿在学校，妈妈生前是烙煎饼的，爸爸在外打工。2004年7月，张宇的妈妈被医院确诊得了骨癌，手术后丧失劳动能力。2005年5月，妈妈突然对家人说她要趁着自己还未完全倒下，为家人多准备一些毛裤御寒。此后的每一天，她支撑着编织，直到今年的8月初，骨癌已发展到末期，妈妈一动也动不了时，已经为小儿子张宇织完了他25岁之前所有的毛裤。<BR><BR>　　24日上午，记者看到了张宇妈妈为张宇织的部分毛裤，按照不同年龄段，大小长短不等。张宇的姑姥回忆说，得骨癌一事，家里人一直都瞒着张宇的妈妈，直到术后她表示要预先织些毛裤时，家里人顾及到她虚弱的身体，才不得不告诉她实情，可得知这一切后，张宇的妈妈更加坚定了为家人织毛裤的想法。由于左腿曾做过手术，张宇的妈妈每天只能是坐在床上编织，因为身体状态，每织5分钟，就得躺下来休息20分钟。“一次，她刚织了两分钟便满头大汗，双手也肿得老高，浑身疼得厉害，我喂她吃了两片止疼药，劝她别织了，可她却说自己一旦走了，小儿子只有9岁，没有人照顾，一定要趁着自己还有口气，多为小儿子织些毛裤留着以后用。”<BR><BR>　　记者采访过程中，张宇一直抚摸着妈妈留下的大小不一的毛裤流泪，“妈妈，我想你，你在哪？”张宇低着头，喃喃自语。<BR><BR>　　张宇的班主任祝军玲告诉记者，张宇现在上三年级，刚入校时学习非常好，自从他妈妈得病后，他的学习成绩就直线下降。张宇特别懂事，生病时，张宇就自己到家附近的诊所打点滴，每次他让医生扎左手，因为他要腾出右手来写作业，这样回到家里，他就可以安心地照顾妈妈了。“张宇是个非常懂事的孩子，自理能力非常强，经过短暂的调整，一定会重新振作起来的。”</P>]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[STUN协议]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=18585</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2006/9/21 17:15:23</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">STUN</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">协议的全称是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol Through Network Address Translators</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，主要功能是检测是否位于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后面，如果位于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后面，经过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">转换后的地址和端口是什么，另外可以检测</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的类型。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">基本思想</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在私网内部安装一个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">STUN client</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，在公网上安装一个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">STUN Server</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">STUN</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">协议定义了一些消息格式，大体上分成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Request/Response</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">client</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">向</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">server</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发送</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">request</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">server</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发送</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">response</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">给</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">client</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。如何检测</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">STUN client</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是否在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后面呢？原理很简单，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Server</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在收到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">client</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">UDP</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">包以后，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Server</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">将接收到该包的地址和端口利用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">udp</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">传回来给</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">client</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">client</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">把这些地址和端口与本机的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">ip</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地址和端口进行比较，如果不同，说明在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后面，否则就位于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后面。为了检测不同类型的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">STUN</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">协议定义了一些消息属性，要求</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Server</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有不同的动作，比如发送响应的时候使用不同的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">IP</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地址和端口，或者改变端口等等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">STUN</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">协议对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可能有效，但是对防火墙就无能为力了，因为防火墙可能不会打开</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">UDP</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">端口。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=2><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分类</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">STUN</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">协议将</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">粗略分为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种类型，即</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Full Cone</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Restricted Cone</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Port Restricted Cone</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Symmetric</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。举个实际例子来说明这四种</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的区别：</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">机器在私网（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">192.168.0.4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务器（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">210.21.12.140</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">B</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">机器在公网（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">210.15.27.166</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">机器在公网（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">210.15.27.140</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">现在，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">机器连接过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">B</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">机器，假设是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">192.168.0.4:5000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">-&gt; NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（转换后</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">210.21.12.140:8000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">-&gt; B</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">210.15.27.166:2000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同时</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从来没有和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通信过。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">则对于不同类型的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，有下列不同的结果：</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Full Cone NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发数据到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">210.21.12.140:8000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">会将数据包送到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">192.168.0.4:5000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。因为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上已经有了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">192.168.0.4:5000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">210.21.12.140:8000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的映射。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Restricted Cone</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">无法和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通信，因为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从来没有和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通信过，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">将拒绝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">试图与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">连接的动作。但</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">B</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以通过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">210.21.12.140:8000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> 192.168.0.4:5000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通信，且这里</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">B</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以使用任何端口与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通信。如：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">210.15.27.166:2001 -&gt; 210.21.12.140:8000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">会送到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">端口上。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Port Restricted Cone</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">无法与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通信，因为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从来没有和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通信过。而</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">B</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也只能用它的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">210.15.27.166:2000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">192.168.0.4:5000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通信，因为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也从来没有和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">B</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的其他端口通信过。该类型</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是端口受限的。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Symmetric NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：上面</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种类型，统称为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cone NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，有一个共同点：只要是从同一个内部地址和端口出来的包，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">都将它转换成同一个外部地址和端口。但是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Symmetric</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有点不同，具体表现在：只要是从同一个内部地址和端口出来，且到同一个外部目标地址和端口，则</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也都将它转换成同一个外部地址和端口。但如果从同一个内部地址和端口出来，是到另一个外部目标地址和端口，则</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">将使用不同的映射，转换成不同的端口（外部地址只有一个，故不变）。而且和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Port Restricted Cone</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一样，只有曾经收到过内部地址发来包的外部地址，才能通过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">映射后的地址向该内部地址发包。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">现针对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Symmetric NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">举例说明：</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">机器连接过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">B</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">机器，假使是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">192.168.0.4:5000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">-&gt; NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（转换后</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">210.21.12.140:8000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">-&gt; B</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">210.15.27.166:2000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果此时</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">机器（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">192.168.0.4:5000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）还想连接</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">机器（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">210.15.27.140:2000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），则</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上产生一个新的映射，对应的转换可能为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">192.168.0.4:5000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">-&gt; NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（转换后</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">210.21.12.140:8001</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">-&gt; C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">210.15.27.140:2000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。此时，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">B</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">只能用它的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">210.15.27.166:2000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">210.21.12.140: 8000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">192.168.0.4:5000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通信，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也只能用它的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">210.15.27.140:2000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">NAT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">210.21.12.140:8001</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">192.168.0.4:5000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通信，而</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> B</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">或者</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的其他端口则均不能和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">192.168.0.4:5000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通信。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[Microsoft visio下载 ［附SN］]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=18476</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2006/9/18 15:52:09</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P>Microsoft Visio 2003 中文版 下载,专业制作各类图纸的软件，例如程序流程图、网络拓扑图、数据分布图、地图、室内布置图、规划图、线路图等图纸的软件，包含了非常多的组件。<BR>sn：WFDWY-XQXJF-RHRYG-BG7RQ-BBDHM&nbsp;&nbsp; </P>
<P><A href="http://210.41.224.67:81/software/other/bussiness/sc_office_2003_visio_pro.iso">http://210.41.224.67:81/software/other/bussiness/sc_office_2003_visio_pro.iso</A><BR><A href="ftp://202.117.27.75/Visio%202003/sc_office_2003_visio_pro.iso">ftp://202.117.27.75/Visio%202003/sc_office_2003_visio_pro.iso</A></P>
<P>再补充迅雷的：<BR><A href="http://pstatic.xunlei.com/index2.htm?search=visio">http://pstatic.xunlei.com/index2.htm?search=visio</A><BR></P>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[Gone going]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=18468</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2006/9/18 10:51:21</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[
<P align=right><IMG style="BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #000000" src="http://bbs.xml.org.cn/blog/uploadfile/2007423224355386.GIF" border=0></P>
<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; <FONT size=3>《Gone going》是黑眼豆豆的一首很经典的歌曲，Gone going到底是什么意思呢？我也拿不大准，据我对歌词的推敲，我个人认为可以理解为“过去曾拥有的即将逝去”。下面就是歌词，和大家共同feel一下！</FONT></P>
<P align=center>Johnny wanna be a big star<BR>Get on stage and play the guitar<BR>Make a little money, buy a fancy car<BR>Big old house and an alligator<BR>Just to match with them alligator shoes<BR>He's a rich man so he's no longer singing the blues<BR>He's singing songs about material things<BR>And platinum rings and watches that go bling<BR>But, diamonds don't bling in the dark<BR>He a star now, but he ain't singing from the heart<BR>Sooner or later he's just gonna fall apart<BR>Coz his fans can't relate to his new found art<BR>He ain't doing what he did from the start<BR>And that's...<BR>He decided to live his life shallow<BR>Passion is love for material</P>
<P align=center>[Chorus]<BR>And its gone... gone... going...<BR>Gone... everything gone... give a damn...<BR>Gone be the birds when they don't want to sing...<BR>Gone people... up awkward with their things... gone.</P>
<P align=center>You see yourself in the mirror<BR>And you feel safe coz it looks familiar<BR>But you afraid to open up your soul<BR>Coz you don't really know, don't really know<BR>Who is, the person that's deep within<BR>Coz you are content with just being the nare brown man<BR>And you fail to see that its trivial<BR>Insignificant, you addicted to material<BR>I've seen your kind before<BR>Your the type that thinks souls is sold in a store<BR>Packaged up with inscent sticks<BR>With them vegetarian meals<BR>To you that's righteous<BR>You're fiction like books<BR>You need to go out to life and look<BR>Coz... what happens when they take your material<BR>You already sold your soul and its...</P>
<P align=center>[Chorus]</P>
<P align=center>You say that time is money and money is time<BR>So you got mind in your money and your money on your mind<BR>But what about... that crime that you did to get paid<BR>And what about... that bid, you can't take it to your brain<BR>Why you on about those shoes you'll wear today<BR>They'll do no good on the bridges you've walked along the way</P>
<P align=center>All that money that you got gonna be gone<BR>That gear that you rock gonna be gone<BR>The house up on the hill gonna be gone<BR>The gold -- on your grill gonna be gone<BR>The ice on your wrist gonna be gone<BR>That nice little Miss gonna be gone<BR>That whip that you roll gonna be gone<BR>And what's worst is your soul will be gone</P>
<P align=left>&nbsp;&nbsp; </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <FONT size=4>这张新唱片里面</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=4><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">最爱的就是这一首了！虽然我无法切确的翻译出里面的意思，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但简单来说就是人往往在最后会忘记自己当初的梦想！这里的原因大概就是人总是摆脱不了世俗的影响吧！</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=4>You see yourself in the mirror<BR>And you feel safe coz it looks familiar<BR>But you afraid to open up your soul</FONT></SPAN></P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align=left><FONT size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 这三句寓意比较深刻：“<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">看着镜中的自己，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">安全的感到熟悉；</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">却不敢看看自己的灵魂”。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">镜中的你是你，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">心灵中的你是谁？</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 真希望自己能坚持自己最初的梦想，一生能从事自己热爱的事业，应该是人生最大的幸福了！</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN>&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
<DIV align=center><EMBED id=MediaPlayer661 style="WIDTH: 362px; HEIGHT: 40px" src=http://www.mytlsp.net/rap/1/Gone_Going.mp3 width=362 height=40 type=audio/mpeg autostart="true" loop="false"></DIV></EMBED>
<P></P>]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[翻译北约组织技术结构体系过程中总结的英文词汇]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=18322</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2006/9/12 11:16:24</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<A><STRONG>　</STRONG></A> 
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">decision-making capability </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">决策能力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">ACT<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">联盟改革司令部</SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">IS<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">信息优势</SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><STRONG><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US>NNEC&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">北约组织网络化作战能力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">LEGACY SYSTEMS<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">遗留系统</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">DECOMPOSITION<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">模块分解</SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">DECOUPLE<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">解耦合</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Bi-SC AIS<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">战场识别－战略指挥，自动信息系统</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Emerging product<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">新兴产品</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">BOA<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">基本定购合同</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Narrow Band Secure Voice<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">窄带保密电话</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Tactical Digital Fax<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">战术电子导航电台</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MOM<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">微软操作管理</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">frequency constraints<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">基频约束</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">ORB<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">对象请求代理程序</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">NCSP<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">国家计算机安全团体</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">minimum implementation<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">最小化应用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">full implementation<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">完整应用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">superset implementations<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">扩展应用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></P>]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[听妈妈的话]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=18179</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2006/9/7 9:53:16</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P align=right> </P>
<P align=right><IMG style="BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #000000" src="http://www.w3china.org/blog/uploadfile/2007423225344102.GIF" border=0></P>
<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=3>☆<FONT style="COLOR: #e10900">听妈妈的话</FONT>☆<BR></FONT></STRONG>☆依然范特西☆<BR>jay送给妈妈的歌☆<BR>小朋友你是否有很多顽抗<BR>为什么别人在那看漫画<BR>我却在学画画<BR>对这钢琴说话别人在玩游戏<BR>我却在躲在家背abc <BR>我说我要一架大大的飞机<BR>我却得到一只旧旧螺旋机<BR>为什么要<FONT style="COLOR: #e10900">听妈妈的话</FONT><BR>长大后你就会开始懂得这段话<BR>长大后我开始明白<BR>为什么我跑得比别人快<BR>飞得比别人高<BR>将来大家看的都是我画的漫画<BR>大家唱的都是我写的歌<BR>妈妈的心她不让你看见<BR>温暖的事都在她心里面<BR>有空就得多摸摸她的手<BR>把手牵着一起梦游<BR><FONT style="COLOR: #e10900">听妈妈的话</FONT>别让她受伤<BR>想快快长大才能保护她<BR>美丽的白发幸福中发芽<BR>天使的魔法温暖中慈祥<BR>在你的未来音乐是你的王牌<BR>那王牌谈的恋爱<BR>而我不想把你教坏<BR>还是<FONT style="COLOR: #e10900">听妈妈的话</FONT>吧<BR>晚年再恋爱吧<BR>我知道你未来的路<BR>干嘛比我更清楚<BR>你因为太多学习的同学在这块写东写西<BR>但我建议最好听妈妈我会用功读书<BR>用功读书怎么会从我嘴巴说出<BR>不想你输所以要叫你用功读书<BR>妈妈挑给你的毛病你要好好的收着<BR>因为不知道是我要告诉她我还留着<BR>对了我会遇到我(周润发?)<BR>所以你对跟同学炫耀赌神未来是你爸爸<BR>我找不到你写的情书<BR>你喜欢的要承认因为我会了解你会在操场上牵她<BR>你会开始喜欢唱流行歌<BR>因为张学友开始准备唱吻别<BR><FONT style="COLOR: #e10900">听妈妈的话</FONT>别让她受伤<BR>想快快长大才能保护她<BR>美丽的白发幸福总发芽<BR>天使的魔法温暖中慈祥<BR><FONT style="COLOR: #e10900">听妈妈的话</FONT>别让她受伤<BR>想快快长大才能保护她<BR>长大后我开始明白为什么我<BR>跑得比别人快飞得比别人高<BR>将来大家看的都是我画的漫画<BR>大家唱的都是我写的歌<BR>妈妈的心她不让你看见<BR>温暖的事都在她心里面<BR>有空就得多摸摸她的手<BR>把手牵着一起梦游<BR><FONT style="COLOR: #e10900">听妈妈的话</FONT>别让她受伤<BR>想快快长大才能保护她<BR>美丽的白发幸福中发芽<BR>天使的魔法温暖中慈祥☆..<BR></P>
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<DIV align=center><EMBED id=MediaPlayer849 style="WIDTH: 447px; HEIGHT: 42px" src=http://www12.asphost4free.com/smile/jay/track2.mp3 width=447 height=42 type=audio/mpeg loop="false" autostart="true"></DIV></EMBED>
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<title><![CDATA[端口详解(7)]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=airclh&amp;id=18177</link>
<author>airclh</author>
<pubDate>2006/9/7 8:27:47</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">端口：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1234</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1243</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">6711</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">6776 </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　服务：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">[NULL] </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　说明：木马</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">SubSeven2.0</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Ultors Trojan</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">开放</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1234</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">6776</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">端口。木马</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">SubSeven1.0/1.9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">开放</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1243</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">6711</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">6776</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">端口。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　端口：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1245 </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　服务：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">[NULL] </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　说明：木马</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Vodoo</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">开放此端口。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　端口：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1433 </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　服务：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">SQL </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　说明：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Microsoft</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">SQL</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">服务开放的端口。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　端口：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1492 </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　服务：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">stone-design-1 </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　说明：木马</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">FTP99CMP</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">开放此端口。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　端口：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1500 </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　服务：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">RPC client fixed port session queries </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　说明：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">RPC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">客户固定端口会话查询</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　端口：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1503 </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　服务：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">NetMeeting T.120 </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　说明：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">NetMeeting T.120 </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　端口：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1524 </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　服务：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">ingress </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　说明：许多攻击脚本将安装一个后门</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">SHELL</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">于这个端口，尤其是针对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">SUN</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">系统中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Sendmail</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">RPC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">服务漏洞的脚本。如果刚安装了防火墙就看到在这个端口上的连接企图，很可能是上述原因。可以试试</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Telnet</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">到用户的计算机上的这个端口，看看它是否会给你一个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">SHELL</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。连接到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">600/pcserver</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">也存在这个问题。</SPAN>]]></description>
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